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The prevalence of physical inactivity is increasing among adolescents and is a significant public health concern. In Australia and New Zealand, about 89% of adolescents do not meet the World Health Organization's recommended level of physical activity [1]. Adolescents can accumulate physical activity in various domains, such as leisure, work/ education and transport (active transport). Active transport is defined as "human-powered transportation modes such as walking or cycling" and can contribute to individuals' overall physical activity levels [2]. Various factors within a socio-ecological framework influence the determinants of active transport. These factors include individual, social, and environmental aspects of the built environment and urbanisation that influence active transport as a mode of travel. Previous studies suggest that traffic stress and built environment characteristics can influence transport choices, specifically whether an individual prioritises active transport over motorised forms of travel. According to Mekuria et al. (2012), traffic stress is the discomfort and anxiety that cyclists and pedestrians experience when navigating roadways with high-speed vehicles, lack of protective infrastructure, and unsafe conditions [3]. However, the gap lies in understanding the magnitude of the impact of traffic stress on the active transport of adolescents and how this contributes to their habitual levels of physical activity. The over-arching aim of the PhD is to comprehensively determine the factors enabling and limiting active transport usage among adolescents. Traffic stress, as a characteristic of the built environment, influences the decision-making process of adolescents in choosing active transport, as well as the patterns and outcomes of their active transport compared to adults. We will also analyse active transport and traffic stress by gender, school location, built environment and socioeconomic status.

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